WCPS: Evaluation of a novel nebulizer using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer

Significance of the topic

Analytical methods in ICP-OES demand nebulizers that deliver high sensitivity, broad chemical tolerance and long-term stability. The flow blurring nebulizer (FBN) addresses these needs by generating a fine, consistent aerosol across aqueous, organic and high-TDS samples, reducing downtime and method complexity.

Objectives and overview of the study

This work evaluates the performance of the FBN against a conventional glass concentric nebulizer (GCN). Key goals include comparing detection limits, transport efficiency, signal stability and clogging resistance under varied sample matrices and operating conditions.

Methodology and instrumental setup

An Agilent 725 Series ICP-OES with radial plasma viewing and a CCD detector (167–785 nm) served as the analytical platform. Operating parameters: 1.3 kW RF power, 15 L/min plasma gas, 2.25 L/min auxiliary gas, 0.7 L/min nebulizer flow. Single- and double-pass glass cyclonic spray chambers were used, along with specialized pump tubing suited for aqueous and organic solvents. Detection limits and stability tests employed replicate measurements with defined read and stabilization intervals.

Main results and discussion

• Detection limits: The FBN matched or exceeded GCN performance, with limit-of-detection ratios >100% for most elements (up to 193% for Be, 197% for Na).
• Long-term stability: Over 12 h runs in DiBK and ShellSol, the FBN maintained stable signals without blockages, unlike the GCN.
• Transport efficiency: FBN achieved higher TE in both single- (3.8–15.8%) and double-pass (6.6–9.0%) configurations compared to GCN’s 6.1% in water.
• Matrix tolerance: The FBN resisted clogging and maintained performance in high-TDS samples, equaling dedicated high-TDS nebulizers but with better precision.
• Design advantage: Passive flow-blurring avoids low-pressure zones and narrow constrictions, eliminating common blockage mechanisms.

Benefits and practical applications

• Universal applicability reduces the need for multiple nebulizer types and streamlines method development.
• Chemical robustness enables analysis of strong acids (e.g., HF) and organic solvents without performance loss.
• Durable polymer construction withstands mechanical shocks and minimizes downtime.
• High nebulization efficiency at low uptake rates (≥40 µL/min) supports analysis of limited-volume or precious samples.

Future trends and potential applications

• Integration with ICP-MS and other plasma spectrometers to create unified workflows.
• Development of miniaturized or field-portable nebulization systems leveraging flow-blurring technology.
• Optimization for ultra-low flow rates and microfluidic sampling to enhance trace analysis.
• Extension of solvent and matrix compatibility tests to emerging sample types and novel plasma sources.

Conclusion

The flow blurring nebulizer offers a robust, universal solution for ICP-OES aerosol generation. It delivers equal or superior detection limits, exceptional stability across challenging matrices and high transport efficiency. Its mechanical resilience and broad compatibility make it a cost-effective replacement for multiple specialized nebulizers without compromising analytical performance.

References

• J. Moffett, G. Russell, J. P. Lener. Evaluation of a novel nebulizer using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Agilent Technologies Australia & France, January 2011.